This is an interesting trap laid out for the King of Kings.

The Pharisees and Herodians are trying to turn Jesus either against the crowd or against the government.  If Jesus sides with tax-collecting group, He will instantly be known as a Man against the people.  If on the other hand, He sides with the people that think taxes are just too much, then He becomes a Rebel against the law of the land.

But Jesus' answer is too difficult to interpret quickly.  He calls for a coin.  The coin has an image of Caesar on it.  Jesus tells the Pharisees and Herodians and us to render to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's.

What Jesus is telling us:  If Caesar created it, give back to him a proper tribute for the creation. 

We must decide what God has created - what is stamped with God's image - what shows the glory of God.  Then we must learn to give proper tribute to God for those things.